Source: www.irs.gov
A Roth IRA is an account or annuity set up in the United States solely for the benefit of you or your beneficiaries. It is an individual retirement arrangement. However, it differs from traditional IRAs in that contributions are not deductible. For information on contributions and the limitations please refer to Chapter 2 of the Publication 590, Individual Retirement Arrangements.
To be a Roth IRA, the account or annuity must be designated as a Roth IRA when it is set up. A deemed IRA can be a Roth IRA, but neither a SEP IRA nor a SIMPLE IRA can be designated as a Roth IRA.
Unlike a traditional IRA, you cannot deduct contributions to a Roth IRA. But, if you satisfy the requirements, qualified distributions (discussed later) are tax free. Contributions can be made to your Roth IRA after you reach age 70½ and you can leave amounts in your Roth IRA as long as you live.
What’s New for 2010
Modified AGI limit for Roth IRA contributions increased. For 2010, your Roth IRA contribution limit is reduced (phased out) in the following situations.
- Your filing status is married filing jointly or qualifying widow(er) and your modified AGI is at least $167,000. You cannot make a Roth IRA contribution if your modified AGI is $177,000 or more.
- Your filing status is single, head of household, or married filing separately and you did not live with your spouse at any time in 2010 and your modified AGI is at least $105,000. You cannot make a Roth IRA contribution if your modified AGI is $120,000 or more.
- Your filing status is married filing separately, you lived with your spouse at any time during the year, and your modified AGI is more than -0-. You cannot make a Roth IRA contribution if your modified AGI is $10,000 or more.
See Can You Contribute to a Roth IRA? in this chapter.
Beginning in 2010, the modified AGI and filing status requirements for converting a traditional IRA to a Roth IRA are eliminated.Also, for any 2010 rollover from an IRA other than a Roth IRA to a Roth IRA, any amounts that would be included as income will be included in income in equal amounts in 2011 and 2012. You can choose to include the entire amount in income in 2010.
Catch-up contributions in certain employer bankruptcies.
The provision for additional catch-up contributions in certain employer bankruptcies does not apply for 2010 or later years.
Qualified charitable distributions (QCDs).
The provision for tax-free distributions from IRAs for charitable purposes is scheduled to expire and will not be available for 2010.
Deemed IRAs. For plan years beginning after 2002, a qualified employer plan (retirement plan) can maintain a separate account or annuity under the plan (a deemed IRA) to receive voluntary employee contributions. If the separate account or annuity otherwise meets the requirements of an IRA, it will be subject only to IRA rules. An employee’s account can be treated as a traditional IRA or a Roth IRA.For this purpose, a “qualified employer plan” includes:
- A qualified pension, profit-sharing, or stock bonus plan (section 401(a) plan),
- A qualified employee annuity plan (section 403(a) plan),
- A tax-sheltered annuity plan (section 403(b) plan), and
- A deferred compensation plan (section 457 plan) maintained by a state, a political subdivision of a state, or an agency or instrumentality of a state or political subdivision of a state.
Regardless of your age, you may be able to establish and make nondeductible contributions to an individual retirement plan called a Roth IRA.
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